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fix(api): safe template-artifact deletion — reachability guard + reconciliation metrics (bounded, panic-safe) - #3797

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e2b-dev:mainfrom
AdaAibaby:fix/template-artifact-cleanup-v2
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AdaAibaby wants to merge 2 commits into
e2b-dev:mainfrom
AdaAibaby:fix/template-artifact-cleanup-v2

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@AdaAibaby

@AdaAibaby AdaAibaby commented Nov 4, 2026 •

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Problem

Deleting a template soft-deletes the DB row but left the build artifacts (rootfs, kernel, FC snapshots) in GCS/S3 forever. GetExclusiveBuildsForTemplateDeletion existed with zero callers. Fixes #3239.

Why DB-exclusive is not enough (this is the important part)

A template build stores only the bytes it changed vs its ancestors; the full image is reconstructed by following the header BuildMap into parent/grandparent builds. Those intermediate layers are never written to the DB (a cache hit reuses prior layers under a new build ID). So a build that is DB-exclusive to template T can still be the header-mapping ancestor of another live template's build. Deleting its {buildID}/ prefix orphans that ancestor — the DB looks consistent, the other sandbox even starts, and it only surfaces as a silent, unrecoverable Input/output error when a missing block is read. No versioning ⇒ permanent.

What this PR does

Reachability guard (folded into processExclusiveBuilds): a DB-exclusive candidate is deleted only if it is not reachable from any live root's memfile/rootfs header closure. Fails closed (deletes nothing) if the ancestor reader is unconfigured, the live-root set can't be queried, or any live root's header can't be read — strictly no worse than leaving artifacts in place.

Live-root set completion: GetLiveBuildRootsForTeamExcludingTemplate now UNIONs the team's in-progress/pending builds (status_group) on top of other active templates' assigned builds — closing the gap where a concurrent build reusing the doomed template's exclusive ancestor has no env_build_assignments row yet.

Reconciliation metrics so orphaned storage is derivable, not guessed:
candidates == deleted + delete_failed + skipped_nil_node + guard_kept (success), or fail_closed > 0 when nothing was deleted. fail_closed carries a low-cardinality reason (reader_unconfigured|live_roots_query|header_unreadable) and is the alert signal for "storage not being reclaimed". deleted/failed carry a cluster attribute. team/build IDs stay on logs/trace, not metric attributes (cardinality).

Background hardening kept: panic-safe, deadline-bounded (2m), bounded fan-out (8), best-effort; storage errors never affect the already-committed 204.

Supersedes #3740

#3740 had the reachability guard but on the pre-hardening base (raw goroutine, no recover/timeout/limit, no metrics). This PR unifies both: guard and hardening and reconciliation metrics. #3740 is closed in favor of this.

Tests

processExclusiveBuilds guard/skip/fail paths, fail-closed classification, and DB-backed live-root tests (in-progress-without-assignment is a root, soft-deleted/ready-unassigned excluded, team-scoped). go build/vet/gofmt clean; unit tests green; DB tests green against a real migrated Postgres.

GetExclusiveBuildsForTemplateDeletion had no Go caller, so deleting a
template only soft-deleted the DB row and left its build artifacts
(rootfs/kernel/FC snapshots) in storage forever. Fixes e2b-dev#3239.

- SQL: JOIN envs for cluster_id (route DeleteBuild to the right cluster);
  joins raw envs, not active_envs, so it resolves after soft-delete.
- Handler: startTemplateArtifactCleanup runs after the DB commit in a
  detached goroutine that is panic-safe (recover), deadline-bounded
  (2m), and fans out with bounded concurrency (errgroup SetLimit 8).
  Best-effort: nil-node builds skipped, per-build failures never abort
  siblings, outcomes counted via new metrics so orphaned storage is
  alertable. Storage errors never affect the delete response.
- Logging uses the internal logger API (logger.WithError/WithBuildID);
  no raw zap import in the handler (adds logger.WithError helper).
- processExclusiveBuilds is DB-free and unit-tested: nil-node skip,
  error non-fatal, nil-cluster fallback, empty input.

Metrics: api.template.artifacts.deleted / .delete_failed.

Note: generated sql.go hand-updated (ClusterID) since sqlc is not in CI.
Snapshot-deletion artifact cleanup is deliberately a separate follow-up.
… reconciliation metrics

Deleting a template now deletes its GCS/S3 build artifacts safely. Being
DB-exclusive is NOT sufficient: intermediate cache layers are never written to
the DB, so a build that is DB-exclusive to the doomed template can still be a
header-mapping ancestor of another live build. Deleting its prefix orphans that
ancestor and surfaces later as a silent, unrecoverable Input/output error.

Changes:
- Reachability guard folded into processExclusiveBuilds: a candidate is deleted
  only if it is NOT reachable from any live root's memfile/rootfs header closure.
  Fails closed (deletes nothing) when the reader is unconfigured, the live-root
  set can't be queried, or any live root's header can't be read.
- Live-root set completion: GetLiveBuildRootsForTeamExcludingTemplate now UNIONs
  the team's in-progress/pending builds (status_group) on top of other active
  templates' assigned builds, closing the gap where a concurrent build reusing
  the doomed template's exclusive ancestor had no assignment row yet.
- Reconciliation metrics so orphaned storage is derivable, not guessed:
  candidates = deleted + delete_failed + skipped_nil_node + guard_kept (success),
  or fail_closed>0 when nothing was deleted. fail_closed carries a low-cardinality
  reason (reader_unconfigured|live_roots_query|header_unreadable) and is the
  alert signal. deleted/failed carry a cluster attribute. team_id/build_id stay
  on logs/trace, not metric attributes (cardinality).
- Keeps the panic-safe / deadline-bounded / bounded-fan-out background cleanup.

Supersedes the separate reachability-guard PR, which had the guard but lacked
the background hardening and reconciliation metrics.

Tests: processExclusiveBuilds guard/skip/fail paths, fail-closed classification,
and DB-backed live-root tests (in-progress-without-assignment is a root,
soft-deleted/ready-unassigned excluded, team-scoped). go build/vet/gofmt clean.
@AdaAibaby AdaAibaby changed the title fix(api): delete GCS/S3 build artifacts on template deletion (bounded, panic-safe, metered) fix(api): safe template-artifact deletion — reachability guard + reconciliation metrics (bounded, panic-safe) Nov 5, 2026

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Template deletion does not remove build artifacts from storage (GCS/S3)

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