wangzhizhou · Nov 7, 2026 · Nov 7, 2026
diff --git a/HANDOFF.md b/HANDOFF.md
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
 - **B3 学习区已实现（报告 253）**：⌥L 学习区两行式（完整码+简码 / 字根格+识别码），候选窗零改动；词组按输入码对应到字；`LearningHints` 读 `B0-runtime.tsv`，缺失退回 D14。离屏实拍 `docs/design/learning-real-*.png`。**装机后的性能/内存实测仍待候选包**。
 - **B3 草图（已成历史）**（`docs/design/l3-hint.md` + `learning-area-mock.png`）：按用户裁定改为**候选窗零改动**，学习信息只放 ⌥L 学习区，学习区自己两行封顶（单字：字+码+简码 / 字根+识别码依据；词组：前 3 字 + 「逐字 ▸」）。`partial` 未知字根显示 `？`、标注「拆解待核验」；数据源优先 B0-runtime，未覆盖的字走 D14 兜底。**实现未开始，等评审三个细节**。
 - **B5 已收口（ADR-314 / 报告 258）**：冷首键 ~28 ms（学习区关着也一样，用户不可感知）→ 不优化；A1/A2/A3/A5 全部关闭并写触发条件；内存按 ADR-312 双阈值（默认 30 / 学习区 34）。
+- **练习流程已修 + 自动化（报告 261）**：输入框换成 `PracticeAnswerView`（不经输入法，回车才判分）；识别码说明改用**正确**末笔·结构、标题不再被按钮压住；新增 `PracticeSession` 纯逻辑与 8 条流程断言（判分/进度/输入过滤）。
 - **练习窗口版式已修正（报告 260）**：翻转坐标从顶部排、固定 460×336、题干居中、进度行不再被裁、A/C 共用纵向基准，并加了版式自检（控件不越界、不与题型控件重叠）。**待装包看真机**。
 - **B4 练习已实现（ADR-313 / 报告 257）**：只看 `full` 出题，题型 A（看字打码）+ C（识别码判断）；进度写 `~/Library/Application Support/Lampyris/practice.tsv`（有界 3,000 行 / 256 KiB、原子写、删除即重置）；快捷键 `hotkey.open_practice` 默认 **⌥K**，入口在设置页快捷键列表；**尚未装包实测**。
 

diff --git a/docs/reviews/261-practice-flow-and-ui-fixes.md b/docs/reviews/261-practice-flow-and-ui-fixes.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# 261 — 练习流程修复 + 识别码界面修正 + 流程自动化测试
+
+- 日期：2026-11-06　｜　来源：用户实测「回车后正确率不变」「识别码判断界面需要优化」「流程要自动化验证」
+
+## 1. 回车不判分（根因）
+
+练习窗口的输入框是 `NSTextField`，而它所在的宿主就是输入法本身：键入会先被输入法接管，
+**回车被输入法当作候选提交**，字段的 action 根本没触发 → 只有识别码点选会记进度，正确率停在 0%。
+
+**修法**：换成自绘的 `PracticeAnswerView`（`NSView` + `keyDown`），自己收键、**不经过输入法**：
+只接受 A–Y 字母（大小写都收，统一转小写）、退格、回车；回车触发提交。
+
+## 2. 识别码界面（截图问题）
+
+| 问题 | 修法 |
+|---|---|
+| 「末笔」「结构」标题被按钮压住、文字被截断 | 标题宽度 32→46、按钮起点 36→52，「末笔」选中后就地显示「末笔 撇」 |
+| 判错的说明把**用户的**选择当成答案 | 说明改用**正确**的末笔·结构（`PracticeSession` 里取 `question.recognition`） |
+
+## 3. 自动化：练习流程跑通
+
+新增 `PracticeSession`（无 AppKit 的纯逻辑），把"出题 → 作答 → 判分 → 记进度"收进一处；
+离线回归（`platforms/macos/tests/wubi-learning.swift`）现在断言：
+
+1. 正确码判对、**进度摘要随之变化**、`practice.tsv` 记 1 次作答与 1 次正确；
+2. 错误码也计数（次数 +1、正确不变）；
+3. 识别码：正确末笔/结构判对，说明里包含**正确**的字母与末笔；
+4. `PracticeAnswerView`：只收 a–y（含大写归一）、退格删除、`z` 忽略、回车回调拿到已输入内容。
+
+## 4. 验证
+
+- `make verify` PASS；离线回归 **62 文件 / 328 例 PASS**（新增流程断言全绿）。
+- 真机复验待装包。
+
+## 5. 关联
+
+ADR-313、报告 257/259/260。
diff --git a/platforms/macos/Sources/Practice.swift b/platforms/macos/Sources/Practice.swift
@@ -132,3 +132,60 @@ final class PracticeProgress {
         return "已练 \(rows.count) 字 · \(attempts) 次 · 正确率 \(correct * 100 / attempts)%"
     }
 }
+
+
+/// 一局练习的纯逻辑（无 AppKit），便于自动化测试跑通流程。
+final class PracticeSession {
+    struct Result {
+        let correct: Bool
+        let explanation: String
+    }
+
+    private(set) var kind: PracticeKind
+    private(set) var question: PracticeQuestion?
+    private let progress: PracticeProgress
+    private(set) var bank: [PracticeQuestion] = []
+
+    init(kind: PracticeKind, progress: PracticeProgress) {
+        self.kind = kind
+        self.progress = progress
+        reload()
+    }
+
+    func switchKind(_ kind: PracticeKind) {
+        self.kind = kind
+        reload()
+    }
+
+    func reload() {
+        bank = Practice.bank(kind: kind)
+        question = nil
+        next()
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    func next() -> PracticeQuestion? {
+        question = bank.randomElement()
+        return question
+    }
+
+    /// 提交打字答案；`nil` 表示没有题目。
+    func submitCode(_ answer: String) -> Result? {
+        guard let question else { return nil }
+        let correct = Practice.judgeCode(answer, question: question)
+        progress.record(char: question.char, kind: kind, correct: correct)
+        return Result(correct: correct,
+                      explanation: "完整码 \(question.code.uppercased()) · 字根 \(question.rootHint)")
+    }
+
+    /// 提交识别码选择；证据说明用**正确**的末笔与结构，而不是用户选的。
+    func submitRecognition(stroke: String, structure: String) -> Result? {
+        guard let question, let expected = question.recognition else { return nil }
+        let correct = Practice.judgeRecognition(stroke: stroke, structure: structure, question: question)
+        progress.record(char: question.char, kind: kind, correct: correct)
+        return Result(correct: correct,
+                      explanation: "识别码 \(expected.letter)（\(expected.stroke)·\(expected.structure)）")
+    }
+
+    var summary: String { progress.summary }
+}
diff --git a/platforms/macos/Sources/PracticeAnswerView.swift b/platforms/macos/Sources/PracticeAnswerView.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import AppKit
+
+/// 练习作答输入框：自己收键，不经过输入法（避免回车被 IME 吃掉、字母被组合）。
+/// 只接受 a–y 小写字母、退格与回车；其余按键忽略。
+final class PracticeAnswerView: NSView {
+    var onReturn: ((String) -> Void)?
+    private(set) var text = "" {
+        didSet { needsDisplay = true }
+    }
+    var placeholder = "输入完整五笔码后回车"
+
+    override var acceptsFirstResponder: Bool { true }
+    override var isFlipped: Bool { true }
+
+    override func keyDown(with event: NSEvent) {
+        guard let characters = event.charactersIgnoringModifiers else { return }
+        for scalar in characters.unicodeScalars {
+            switch scalar.value {
+            case 0x0D, 0x03:
+                onReturn?(text)
+            case 0x7F, 0x08:
+                if !text.isEmpty { text.removeLast() }
+            default:
+                let value = Int(scalar.value)
+                if (65...89).contains(value) || (97...121).contains(value),
+                   let letter = UnicodeScalar(value) {
+                    text.append(Character(String(letter).lowercased()))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    func clear() { text = "" }
+    func setTextForTesting(_ value: String) { text = value }
+
+    override func draw(_ dirtyRect: NSRect) {
+        let border = NSBezierPath(roundedRect: bounds.insetBy(dx: 0.5, dy: 0.5), xRadius: 6, yRadius: 6)
+        NSColor.textBackgroundColor.setFill()
+        border.fill()
+        NSColor.systemGreen.setStroke()
+        border.lineWidth = 2
+        border.stroke()
+        let shown = text.isEmpty ? placeholder : text.uppercased()
+        let attributes: [NSAttributedString.Key: Any] = [
+            .font: text.isEmpty ? NSFont.systemFont(ofSize: 13)
+                                : NSFont.monospacedSystemFont(ofSize: 15, weight: .medium),
+            .foregroundColor: text.isEmpty ? NSColor.placeholderTextColor : NSColor.labelColor,
+        ]
+        NSAttributedString(string: shown, attributes: attributes)
+            .draw(in: bounds.insetBy(dx: 8, dy: 5))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/platforms/macos/Sources/PracticeWindow.swift b/platforms/macos/Sources/PracticeWindow.swift
@@ -14,16 +14,16 @@ final class PracticeWindow: NSObject, NSWindowDelegate {
     private let promptLabel = NSTextField(labelWithString: "")
     private let feedbackLabel = NSTextField(wrappingLabelWithString: "")
     private let progressLabel = NSTextField(labelWithString: "")
-    private let answerField = NSTextField(string: "")
+    private let answerView = PracticeAnswerView()
     private let kindControl = NSSegmentedControl(labels: PracticeKind.allCases.map(\.title),
                                                  trackingMode: .selectOne, target: nil, action: nil)
     private let strokeTitle = NSTextField(labelWithString: "末笔")
     private let structureTitle = NSTextField(labelWithString: "结构")
     private let strokeButtons = Practice.strokes.map { NSButton(title: $0, target: nil, action: nil) }
     private let structureButtons = Practice.structures.map { NSButton(title: $0, target: nil, action: nil) }
     private var practiceProgress: PracticeProgress?
-    private var bank: [PracticeQuestion] = []
-    private var current: PracticeQuestion?
+    private lazy var session = PracticeSession(kind: .code, progress: progress)
+    private var current: PracticeQuestion? { session.question }
     private var pendingStroke: String?
     private var pendingStructure: String?
     private var lastAnswer: String?
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ final class PracticeWindow: NSObject, NSWindowDelegate {
         reload()
         window?.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
         NSApp.activate(ignoringOtherApps: true)
-        window?.makeFirstResponder(answerField)
+        window?.makeFirstResponder(answerView)
     }
 
     private func build() {
@@ -83,36 +83,33 @@ final class PracticeWindow: NSObject, NSWindowDelegate {
         promptLabel.frame = NSRect(x: margin, y: 120, width: width - margin * 2, height: 18)
         content.addSubview(promptLabel)
 
-        answerField.frame = NSRect(x: margin, y: 148, width: width - margin * 2, height: 26)
-        answerField.placeholderString = "输入完整五笔码后回车"
-        answerField.target = self
-        answerField.action = #selector(submitCode)
-        answerField.font = .monospacedSystemFont(ofSize: 14, weight: .regular)
-        content.addSubview(answerField)
+        answerView.frame = NSRect(x: margin, y: 148, width: width - margin * 2, height: 30)
+        answerView.onReturn = { [weak self] text in self?.submitCode(text) }
+        content.addSubview(answerView)
 
         // 识别码：两行带标题的按钮组
         strokeTitle.font = .systemFont(ofSize: 11)
         strokeTitle.textColor = .secondaryLabelColor
-        strokeTitle.frame = NSRect(x: margin, y: 148, width: 32, height: 24)
+        strokeTitle.frame = NSRect(x: margin, y: 150, width: 46, height: 18)
         content.addSubview(strokeTitle)
         for (index, button) in strokeButtons.enumerated() {
             button.target = self
             button.action = #selector(pickStroke(_:))
             button.tag = index
             button.bezelStyle = .rounded
-            button.frame = NSRect(x: margin + 36 + CGFloat(index) * 74, y: 144, width: 68, height: 28)
+            button.frame = NSRect(x: margin + 52 + CGFloat(index) * 72, y: 144, width: 66, height: 28)
             content.addSubview(button)
         }
         structureTitle.font = .systemFont(ofSize: 11)
         structureTitle.textColor = .secondaryLabelColor
-        structureTitle.frame = NSRect(x: margin, y: 186, width: 32, height: 24)
+        structureTitle.frame = NSRect(x: margin, y: 188, width: 46, height: 18)
         content.addSubview(structureTitle)
         for (index, button) in structureButtons.enumerated() {
             button.target = self
             button.action = #selector(pickStructure(_:))
             button.tag = index
             button.bezelStyle = .rounded
-            button.frame = NSRect(x: margin + 36 + CGFloat(index) * 108, y: 182, width: 100, height: 28)
+            button.frame = NSRect(x: margin + 52 + CGFloat(index) * 116, y: 182, width: 108, height: 28)
             content.addSubview(button)
         }
 
@@ -139,7 +136,7 @@ final class PracticeWindow: NSObject, NSWindowDelegate {
 
     private func applyKindVisibility() {
         let isCode = kind == .code
-        answerField.isHidden = !isCode
+        answerView.isHidden = !isCode
         strokeTitle.isHidden = isCode
         structureTitle.isHidden = isCode
         for button in strokeButtons + structureButtons { button.isHidden = isCode }
@@ -153,38 +150,40 @@ final class PracticeWindow: NSObject, NSWindowDelegate {
     }
 
     private func reload() {
-        bank = Practice.bank(kind: kind)
-        current = nil
-        nextQuestion()
+        session.switchKind(kind)
+        showCurrent()
     }
 
     @objc private func nextQuestion() {
-        guard !bank.isEmpty else {
+        session.next()
+        showCurrent()
+    }
+
+    private func showCurrent() {
+        answerView.clear()
+        pendingStroke = nil
+        pendingStructure = nil
+        lastAnswer = nil
+        feedbackLabel.stringValue = ""
+        strokeTitle.stringValue = "末笔"
+        structureTitle.stringValue = "结构"
+        guard let question = current else {
             questionLabel.stringValue = "题库为空"
             promptLabel.stringValue = "当前没有可出题的完整条目（需要 quality=full）"
+            progressLabel.stringValue = session.summary
             return
         }
-        current = bank.randomElement()
-        lastAnswer = nil
-        answerField.stringValue = ""
-        pendingStroke = nil
-        pendingStructure = nil
-        feedbackLabel.stringValue = ""
-        guard let question = current else { return }
         questionLabel.stringValue = question.char
         promptLabel.stringValue = kind == .code
             ? "打出它的完整五笔码（\(question.code.count) 位）"
             : "拆解：\(question.rootHint)"
-        progressLabel.stringValue = progress.summary
-        if kind == .code { window?.makeFirstResponder(answerField) }
+        progressLabel.stringValue = session.summary
+        if kind == .code { window?.makeFirstResponder(answerView) }
     }
 
-    @objc private func submitCode() {
-        guard let question = current else { return }
-        let answer = answerField.stringValue
-        let correct = Practice.judgeCode(answer, question: question)
-        lastAnswer = answer
-        finish(correct: correct, explanation: "完整码 \(question.code.uppercased()) · 字根 \(question.rootHint)")
+    @objc private func submitCode(_ text: String) {
+        guard let result = session.submitCode(text) else { return }
+        finish(result)
     }
 
     @objc private func pickStroke(_ sender: NSButton) {
@@ -205,22 +204,19 @@ final class PracticeWindow: NSObject, NSWindowDelegate {
     }
 
     private func evaluateRecognition() {
-        guard let question = current, let stroke = pendingStroke, let structure = pendingStructure else {
+        guard let stroke = pendingStroke, let structure = pendingStructure else {
             feedbackLabel.stringValue = "选一个末笔和一个结构"
             feedbackLabel.textColor = .secondaryLabelColor
             return
         }
-        let correct = Practice.judgeRecognition(stroke: stroke, structure: structure, question: question)
-        let letter = question.recognition?.letter ?? "—"
-        finish(correct: correct, explanation: "识别码 \(letter)（\(stroke)·\(structure)）")
+        guard let result = session.submitRecognition(stroke: stroke, structure: structure) else { return }
+        finish(result)
     }
 
-    private func finish(correct: Bool, explanation: String) {
-        guard let question = current else { return }
-        progress.record(char: question.char, kind: kind, correct: correct)
-        feedbackLabel.stringValue = (correct ? "✓ 正确 · " : "✗ 再想想 · ") + explanation
-        feedbackLabel.textColor = correct ? .systemGreen : .systemOrange
-        progressLabel.stringValue = progress.summary
+    private func finish(_ result: PracticeSession.Result) {
+        feedbackLabel.stringValue = (result.correct ? "✓ 正确 · " : "✗ 再想想 · ") + result.explanation
+        feedbackLabel.textColor = result.correct ? .systemGreen : .systemOrange
+        progressLabel.stringValue = session.summary
     }
 
     @objc private func revealAnswer() {
@@ -239,11 +235,10 @@ final class PracticeWindow: NSObject, NSWindowDelegate {
     /// 离屏渲染（测试用）：建一个不显示的窗口承载视图（AppKit 控件需要 window 才能绘制）。
     func renderForTesting(kind: PracticeKind, progressURL: URL, light: Bool) -> NSBitmapImageRep? {
         practiceProgress = PracticeProgress(url: progressURL)
+        session = PracticeSession(kind: kind, progress: practiceProgress!)
         let view = buildContent()
         kindControl.selectedSegment = PracticeKind.allCases.firstIndex(of: kind) ?? 0
         applyKindVisibility()
-        bank = Practice.bank(kind: kind)
-        current = bank.first
         if let question = current {
             questionLabel.stringValue = question.char
             promptLabel.stringValue = kind == .code

diff --git a/platforms/macos/dev-preview.sh b/platforms/macos/dev-preview.sh
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ swiftc -g -Onone -warnings-as-errors -module-name LampyrisPreview \
   "${SCRIPT_DIR}/Sources/LearningHints.swift" \
   "${SCRIPT_DIR}/Sources/Practice.swift" \
   "${SCRIPT_DIR}/Sources/PracticeWindow.swift" \
+  "${SCRIPT_DIR}/Sources/PracticeAnswerView.swift" \
   "${SCRIPT_DIR}/Sources/WubiHints.generated.swift" \
   "${ROOT}/target/debug/libime_ffi.a" \
   -framework AppKit -o "${BIN}"

diff --git a/platforms/macos/tests/test-appearance-contract.py b/platforms/macos/tests/test-appearance-contract.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def test_native_appearance_contrast_and_geometry(self):
                 (["swiftc", "-warnings-as-errors", "-I", str(ROOT / "crates/ime-ffi/include"),
                   str(temporary / "main.swift"),
                   *[str(ROOT / "platforms/macos/Sources" / name) for name in
-                    ["ImeSession.swift", "Config.swift", "CandidateWindow.swift", "CaretPlacement.swift", "LearningHints.swift", "Practice.swift", "PracticeWindow.swift", "Settings.swift", "Feedback.swift", "InfoWindow.swift",
+                    ["ImeSession.swift", "Config.swift", "CandidateWindow.swift", "CaretPlacement.swift", "LearningHints.swift", "Practice.swift", "PracticeWindow.swift", "PracticeAnswerView.swift", "Settings.swift", "Feedback.swift", "InfoWindow.swift",
                      "UserDictionary.swift", "Lookup.swift"]],
                   str(ROOT / "target/release/libime_ffi.a"), "-framework", "AppKit",
                   "-o", str(temporary / "probe")], 45),

diff --git a/platforms/macos/tests/test-candidate-presentation.py b/platforms/macos/tests/test-candidate-presentation.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def test_native_view_and_real_ffi_paging(self):
                   str(temporary / "main.swift"),
                   str(ROOT / "platforms/macos/tests/LocalAcceptanceEvidence.swift"),
                   *[str(ROOT / "platforms/macos/Sources" / name) for name in
-                    ["ImeSession.swift", "Config.swift", "CandidateWindow.swift", "CaretPlacement.swift", "LearningHints.swift", "Practice.swift", "PracticeWindow.swift", "StateHUD.swift"]],
+                    ["ImeSession.swift", "Config.swift", "CandidateWindow.swift", "CaretPlacement.swift", "LearningHints.swift", "Practice.swift", "PracticeWindow.swift", "PracticeAnswerView.swift", "StateHUD.swift"]],
                   str(ROOT / "target/release/libime_ffi.a"), "-framework", "AppKit",
                   "-o", str(temporary / "probe")], 45),
                 ([str(temporary / "probe"), str(temporary), str(output)], 10),