page139.py

word = 'grail'
sent = 'a scratch'
print(word[0])
print(sent[0])
print(word[0:3])
print(sent[-1])
print(sent[-9:-8])
print(sent[0:-8])
print(sent[2:-1])
print(sent[-7:-1])

s_len = len(sent)
print(s_len)
print(sent[2:s_len])

print("black Knight".capitalize())
print("It's just a flesh wound".count('u'))
print("Halt! Who goes there?".startswith('Halt'))
print("coconut".endswith('nut'))
print("It's just a flesh wound!".find('u'))
# print("It's just a flesh wound!".index('scratch'))
print("old woman".isalpha())
print("37".isdecimal())
print("I'm 37.".isalnum())
print("Black Knight".lower())
print("Black Knight".upper())
print("flesh wound!".replace('flesh wound', 'scratch'))
print(" I'm not dead. ".strip())
print("NI! NI! NI! NI!".split(sep = ' '))
print("3,4".partition(','))
print("nine".center(10))
print("9".zfill(5))

d1 = '40°'
m1 = "46'"
s1 = '52.837"'
u1 = 'N'

d2 = '73°'
m2 = "58'"
s2 = '26.302"'
u2 = 'W'
coords = ' '.join([d1, m1, s1, u1, d2, m2, s2, u2])
print(coords)

multi_str = """Guard: What? Ridden on a horse?
King Arthur: Yes!
Guard: You're using coconuts!
King Arthur: What?
Guard: You've got ... coconut[s] and you're bangin' 'em together.
"""
print(multi_str)
multi_str_split = multi_str.splitlines()
print(multi_str_split)
guard = multi_str_split[::2]
print(guard)
guard = multi_str.replace("Guard:", "").splitlines()[::2]
print(guard)

var = 'flesh wound'
s = "It's just a {}!"
print(s.format(var))
print(s.format('scratch'))
# 占位符还可以通过索引多次引用变量
s = """Black Knight: 'Tis but a {0}.
King Arthur: A{0}? Your arm's off!
"""
print(s.format('scratch'))

s = 'Hayden Planetarium Coordinates: {lat}, {lon}'
print(s.format(lat='40.7815°N', lon='73.9733°W'))

print('Some digits of pi: {}'.format(3.14159265359))
# ,表示千分位分割符
print("In 2005, Lu Chao of China recited {:,} digits of pi".format(67890))

print("I remember {0:.4} or {0:.4%} of what Lu Chao recited".format(7/67890))
# 在{0:05d}中，第一个0表示索引值
# 第二个0是要填充的字符
# 5表示总共有多少个字符
# d表示要使用数字
# 整体表示总共有5个字符，前面使用0进行填充
print("My ID number is {0:05d}".format(42))

s = 'I only know %d digits of pi' % 7
print(s)

print('Some digits of %(cont)s: %(value).2f' % {'cont': 'e', 'value': 2.718})

var = 'flesh wound'
s = f"It's just a {var}!"
print(s)
lat = '40.7815° N'
lon = '73.9733° W'
s = f'Hayden Planetarium Coordinates: {lat}, {lon}'
print(s)

import re
tele_num = '1234567890'
# match查看是否和字符串匹配，返回match对象
m = re.match(pattern = '\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d', string = tele_num)
print(type(m))
print(m)
print(bool(m))

if m:
  print('match')
else:
  print('no match')
print(m.start())
print(m.end())
print(m.span())
print(m.group())

tele_num_spaces = '123 456 7890'
m = re.match(pattern = 'd\{10}', string = tele_num_spaces)
print(m)
# 可以把RegEx模式看作单独的变量
# 因为它可能变得很长，让对实际匹配函数的调用难以阅读
p = '\d{3}\s?\d{3}\s?\d{4}'
m = re.match(pattern = p, string = tele_num_spaces)
print(m)

tele_num_space_paren_dash = '(123) 456-7890'
p = '\(?\d{3}\)?\s?\d{3}\s?-?\d{4}'
m = re.match(pattern = p, string = tele_num_space_paren_dash)
print(m)

cnty_tele_num_space_paren_dash = '+1 (123) 456-7890'
p = '\+?1\s?\(?\d{3}\)?\s?\d{3}\s?-?\d{4}'
m = re.match(pattern = p, string = cnty_tele_num_space_paren_dash)
print(m)

p = '\d+'
# Python连接两个彼此靠近的字符串
s = "13 Jodie Whittaker, war John Hurt, 12 Peter Capaldi, "\
  "11 Matt Smith, 10 David Tennant, 9 Christopher Eccleston"
m = re.findall(pattern = p, string = s)
print(m)

p = '\w+\s?\w+:\s?'
s = re.sub(pattern = p, string = multi_str, repl = '')
print(s)

guard = s.splitlines()[ ::2]
kinga = s.splitlines()[1::2] # 跳过第一个元素
print(guard)
print(kinga)

p = re.compile('\d{10}')
s = '1234567890'
# 注意：这里直接在编译好的模式上调用match函数
# 并未使用re.match这种方式
m = p.match(s)
print(m)
p = re.compile('\d+')
s = "13 Jodie Whittaker, war John Hurt, 12 Peter Capaldi, "\
  "11 Matt Smith, 10 David Tennant, 9 Christopher Eccleston"
m = p.findall(s)
print(m)

p = re.compile('\w+\s?\w+:\s?')
s = "Guard: You're using coconuts!"
m = p.sub(string = s, repl = '')
print(m)

import regex
p = regex.compile('\d+')
s = "13 Jodie Whittaker, war John Hurt, 12 Peter Capaldi, "\
  "11 Matt Smith, 10 David Tennant, 9 Christopher Eccleston"
m = p.findall(s)
print(m)